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Democrat Party (Turkey, historical)
The Democrat Party (Turkish: ''Demokrat Parti'', DP for short) was a Turkish moderately right-wing political party, and the country's third legal opposition party, after the Liberal Republican Party (Serbest Cumhuriyet Fırkası) established by Ali Fethi Okyar in 1930, and the National Development Party (Milli Kalkınma Partisi) established by Nuri Demirağ in 1945. Founded and led by Celâl Bayar, it was the first of the opposition parties to rise to power, de-seating the Republican People's Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi) during the national elections of 1950 and ending Turkey's one party era. The party facilitated the resurgence of Islam, especially at the popular level, in Turkey.〔http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e519?_hi=19&_pos=3〕
==Ideology==
The Democrat Party was founded in 1946 to oppose the ruling Republican People's Party, which had established the Turkish Republic and had remained in power from the founding of the Republic through 1950. Its founding members were all well-respected figures in the CHP before breaking off and establishing the Democrat Party For this reason, both political parties had ideologies rooted in Kemalism which prevented the DP from differing substantially in practice from its predecessor, although it held notable variances in platform.〔Ahmad, Feroz. ''Turkey: The Quest for Identity.'' Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2003.〕 Additionally, the DP still had to function within the confines of the 1924 constitution established by Ataturk and the first parliament which restricted the distance they could put between themselves and the CHP.
The main differences in platform between the two lay in economic policy. While the CHP was guided by statism, the Democrat Party was more interested in privatizing state industries that had helped jump-start the Turkish Republic after World War I now that the country was no longer nascent. The Democrat Party did not repudiate the Republican People's Party's policy of Westernization, but did not pursue it with quite the same vigour. It was also less militantly secular than the Republican People's Party, and championed populism which gained it wide support among Turkey’s intelligentsia.
The party's logo, a galloping white horse, comes from the strong resemblance of the foreign word ''Demokrat'' to the Turkish words ''Demir Kırat'', "Iron Kırat". The horse Kırat was a character in popular Turkish legend; it was the horse and trusted companion of Köroğlu, a Robin Hood-type hero who championed causes of the common people against the oppressive regime. "Democrat" and "Demir Kırat" were often interchanged by the peasantry, especially since "Demokrat" didn't easily roll off the tongues of rural voters. The peripheral populations began to view the Democrat Party as the supernatural hero protecting their rights just as in the folklore.〔(Party Competition in Rural Turkey: Agent of Change or Defender of Traditional Rule? ), Arnold Leder. Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 15, No. 1 (Jan., 1979), pp. 82-105. Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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